What is the Lagrangian Standard Model?
The Standard Model of particle physics is one of the most successful theories about how our Universe works, and describes the fundamental interactions between elementary particles. It is encoded in a compact description, the so-called ‘Lagrangian’, which even fits on t-shirts and coffee mugs.
What does the Standard Model explain?
The Standard Model includes the matter particles (quarks and leptons), the force carrying particles (bosons), and the Higgs boson. It explains how particles called quarks (which make up protons and neutrons) and leptons (which include electrons) make up all known matter.
What is the equation of the Standard Model?
The standard model is furthermore a gauge theory, which means there are degrees of freedom in the mathematical formalism which do not correspond to changes in the physical state. The gauge group of the standard model is SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1), where U(1) acts on B and φ, SU(2) acts on W and φ, and SU(3) acts on G.
What does the Standard Model not explain?
The Standard Model is inherently an incomplete theory. There are fundamental physical phenomena in nature that the Standard Model does not adequately explain: Gravity. The standard model does not explain gravity.
What are the symmetries of the Standard Model?
There are four lectures, dedicated to spacetime symmetry, flavor symmetry, custodial symmetry, and scale symmetry.
What lies beyond the standard model?
Theories that lie beyond the Standard Model include various extensions of the standard model through supersymmetry, such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM), and entirely novel explanations, such as string theory, M-theory, and extra dimensions.
What is wrong with the Standard Model?
One major problem of the Standard Model is that it does not include gravity, one of the four fundamental forces. The model also fails to explain why gravity is so much weaker than the electromagnetic or nuclear forces. The equations of the Standard Model establish relations between the fundamental particles.
How many dimensions does a Standard Model have?
The three spatial dimensions — length, width, and height (or depth) — are pretty straightforward.
Is the Standard Model Renormalizable?
The standard model is renormalizable because of the enormous gap in energy between the scale of accelerator physics and the scale of Planck/GUT physics. That this gap is real is attested to by the smallness of all non-renormalizable corrections to the standard model.
How does the Higgs mechanism work?
When two protons collide within the LHC, it is their constituent quarks and gluons that interact with one another. These high-energy interactions can, through well-predicted quantum effects, produce a Higgs boson, which would immediately transform – or “decay” – into lighter particles that ATLAS and CMS could observe.