What is standard infection control precautions?

Standard precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes.

What are the four types of isolation?

According to the CDC, the three standard categories of transmission-based precautions include contact isolation, droplet isolation, and airborne isolation.

Standard Precautions.
Contact Isolation.
Droplet Isolation.
Airborne Isolation.

What is the most effective way to control transmission of infection?

Proper hand washing is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infections in hospitals. If you are a patient, don’t be afraid to remind friends, family and health care providers to wash their hands before getting close to you.

How PPE prevents the spread of infection?

When used properly, PPE acts as a barrier between infectious materials such as viral and bacterial contaminants and your skin, mouth, nose, or eyes (mucous membranes). The barrier has the potential to block transmission of contaminants from blood, body fluids, or respiratory secretions.

What are two major contributing factors to emerging diseases?

Factors that have contributed to these changes are population growth, migration from rural areas to cities, international air travel, poverty, wars, and destructive ecological changes due to economic development and land use.

What are additional precautions and when should they be used?

In a healthcare setting, additional precautions should be applied when patients have a known or suspected infectious agent that may not be contained using Standard Precautions alone. These additional precautions should be tailored based on the infectious agent involved and the mode of transmission.

What are the four basic rules of standard precautions?

Standard Precautions

Hand hygiene.
Use of personal protective equipment (e.g., gloves, masks, eyewear).
Respiratory hygiene / cough etiquette.
Sharps safety (engineering and work practice controls).
Safe injection practices (i.e., aseptic technique for parenteral medications).
Sterile instruments and devices.

Why standard precautions are important?

Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources. They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients.

What are the three types of transmission based precautions?

Transmission-Based Precautions. There are three categories of Transmission-Based Precautions: Contact Precautions, Droplet Precautions, and Airborne Precautions.

What is the most common mode of transmission?

Contact is the most frequent mode of transmission of health care associated infections and can be divided into: direct and indirect.

What are the three types of transmission?

Three Types of Transmissions: Manual, Automatic, and CVT.

What types of isolation require N95?

The minimum respiratory protection required is an N95 respirator for routine patient care and aerosol-generating procedures in patients with diseases requiring airborne precautions, viral hemorrhagic fever, and possibly for emerging novel pathogens and pandemic influenza.

What are some diseases that can be spread through the air?

Many diseases are spread through the air, including these:

Coronavirus and COVID-19. The CDC recommends that all people wear cloth face masks in public places where it’s difficult to maintain a 6-foot distance from others.
The common cold.
Influenza.
Chickenpox.
Mumps.
Measles.
Whooping cough (pertussis)
Tuberculosis (TB)

What are three factors that influence the spread of emerging diseases?

Responsible factors include ecological changes, such as those due to agricultural or economic development or to anomalies in climate; human demographic changes and behavior; travel and commerce; technology and industry; microbial adaptation and change; and breakdown of public health measures.

What are the 5 modes of disease transmission?

Modes of transmission

Direct. Direct contact. Droplet spread.
Indirect. Airborne. Vehicleborne. Vectorborne (mechanical or biologic)

What is the difference between standard precautions and additional precautions?

Standard precautions describe the routine work practices recommended for use with all patients to give the minimum level of protection for everyone (patients, workers and others). Additional precautions set a higher standard of infection control.

Why would you use additional precautions for infection control?

Additional Precautions are based on the mode of transmission of the causative organism. Additional Precautions are used as an adjunct to Routine Practices when microorganisms are: Highly infectious • Known to create severe disease • Difficult to treat (antibiotic resistant).

What are examples of transmission-based precautions?

Transmission-based precautions

airborne transmission, e.g., pulmonary tuberculosis, chickenpox, measles.
droplet transmission, e.g., influenza, pertussis (whooping cough), rubella.
contact transmission (direct or indirect), e.g., viral gastroenteritis, Clostridium difficile, MRSA, scabies.

What precautions should be taken for additional precautions?

Depending on the type of additional precaution or risk assessment, a gown, goggles, face shield, and mask (surgical or N95) may be used during patient care….Additional Information

Remove gloves.
Perform hand hygiene.
Remove gown.
Perform hand hygiene.
Remove eye protection or face shield.
Remove mask/N95 respirator.

What are the six major causes of infectious diseases?

Causes

Bacteria. These one-cell organisms are responsible for illnesses such as strep throat, urinary tract infections and tuberculosis.
Viruses. Even smaller than bacteria, viruses cause a multitude of diseases ranging from the common cold to AIDS.
Fungi.
Parasites.

How can we prevent infection control?

10 Best Strategies for Infection Prevention and Control

Hand Hygiene.
Environmental hygiene.
Screening and cohorting patients.
Vaccinations.
Surveillance.
Antibiotic stewardship.
Care coordination.
Following the evidence.

What are two reasons to be concerned about emerging and re emerging diseases?

Reasons for the increase in emerging and re-emerging viral infectious diseases

Introduction. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have surfaced in recent decades.
Viral factors: virus evolution and adaptation.
Human factors: population growth and urbanization.

What disease requires airborne precautions?

Airborne precautions are required to protect against airborne transmission of infectious agents. Diseases requiring airborne precautions include, but are not limited to: Measles, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Varicella (chickenpox), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

What are two types of isolation?

Isolating mechanisms come in two main types: separation due to geographic isolation and separation which occurs in the same location. Geographically separated species are more common.

What are the common methods of transmission of disease?

Examples of direct contact are touching, kissing, sexual contact, contact with oral secretions, or contact with body lesions. Indirect contact infections spread when an infected person sneezes or coughs, sending infectious droplets into the air.