How does isoniazid act on Tuberculi?
At therapeutic levels isoniazid is bacteriocidal against actively growing intracellular and extracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms. Specifically isoniazid inhibits InhA, the enoyl reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, by forming a covalent adduct with the NAD cofactor.
Why is isoniazid taken on empty stomach?
MUNICH — When first-line tuberculosis (TB) drugs are taken with food, there is a reduction in maximum plasma concentration and bioavailability of the drug than when taken on an empty stomach, according to the results of a new pharmacokinetic study.
Who discovered isoniazid?
CANDIDATES Hans Meyer and Josef Mally of German Charles University in Prague first synthesized isoniazid in 1912 as part of their doctoral requirements, completely unaware of the enormous potential their compound held for treating TB.
When was isoniazid first used?
In 1952, isoniazid opened the modern era of treatment; it was inexpensive, well tolerated, and safe. In the early 1960s, ethambutol was shown to be effective and better tolerated than para-aminosalicylic acid, which it replaced. In the 1970s, rifampin found its place as a keystone in the therapy of tuberculosis.
Which is a serious side effect of isoniazid?
Seek medical treatment if you have a serious drug reaction that can affect many parts of your body. Symptoms may include: skin rash, fever, swollen glands, flu-like symptoms, muscle aches, severe weakness, unusual bruising, or yellowing of your skin or eyes.
What is the brand name of isoniazid?
Isoniazid, also known as isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis….Isoniazid.
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Hydra, Hyzyd, Isovit, others |
| Other names | isonicotinic acid hydrazide, isonicotinyl hydrazine, INH, INAH, INHA |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
What is isoniazid side effects?
Side Effects
- Clumsiness or unsteadiness.
- nausea or vomiting.
- numbness, tingling, burning, or pain in hands and feet.
- yellow eyes or skin.
What is the side effect of isoniazid?
Common side effects may include: numbness, tingling, or burning pain in your hands or feet; nausea, vomiting, upset stomach; or. abnormal liver function tests.
What foods should I avoid while taking isoniazid?
Patients should be advised to avoid foods containing tyramine (e.g., aged cheese, cured meats such as sausages and salami, fava beans, sauerkraut, soy sauce, beer, or red wine) or histamine (e.g., skipjack, tuna, mackerel, salmon) during treatment with isoniazid.
What class of drug is isoniazid?
Isoniazid is in a class of medications called antituberculosis agents. It works by killing the bacteria that cause tuberculosis.