What is the function of ACC2?
ACC2 (human) ACC2 Catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. Carries out three functions: biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase. Involved in inhibition of fatty acid and glucose oxidation and enhancement of fat storage.
Where is ACC2?
liver
The ACC2 carboxylase is expressed in liver but is the predominant form of carboxylase in heart and skeletal muscle (5, 7, 9). This finding concurs with the suggestion that the carboxylase is not only a key enzyme in fatty acid synthesis (1) but also plays an important role in regulating fatty acid oxidation (23, 24).
Where is ACC2 located in cell?
Two isoforms of ACC encoded by different genes have been described, ACC1 and ACC2, which differ by their cellular location, with ACC1 located in the cytosol and ACC2 being associated with the mitochondrial membrane [17].
What causes fatty acid oxidation?
Fatty acid oxidation disorders are caused by mutations or changes in a gene, which then cause an enzyme to be defective or not produced.
How does oxidation of a 17 carbon fatty acid lead to the production of propionyl CoA?
Propionyl-CoA Oxidation. β-Oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms yields propionyl-CoA. Propionyl-CoA is converted to succinyl-CoA, which is oxidized or converted to glucose by way of oxaloacetate and pyruvate (gluconeogenesis; Chapter 15).
How many ATP does a 16 carbon fatty acid produce?
Complete oxidation of one palmitate molecule (fatty acid containing 16 carbons) generates 129 ATP molecules.
What is beta oxidation?
In biochemistry and metabolism, beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle, and NADH and FADH2, which are co-enzymes used in the electron transport …
What is beta oxidation of fatty acids Slideshare?
Fatty acids are activated to acyl CoA by thiokinases or acyl CoA synthetases • The reaction occurs in two steps and requires ATP, coenzyme A and Mg2+ • Fatty acid reacts with ATP to form acyladenylate which then combines with coenzyme A to produce acyl CoA. …
What is fatty acid oxidation?
Fatty acid oxidation is the primary source of energy for many tissues with the exception of the central nervous system and circulating red blood cells. Fatty acid oxidation is the mitochondrial aerobic process of breaking down a fatty acid into acetyl-CoA units. Fatty acids move in this pathway as CoA derivatives utilizing NAD and FAD.
How are fatty acids oxidized in mitochondria?
Fatty acid oxidation is the mitochondrial aerobic process of breaking down a fatty acid into acetyl-CoA units. Fatty acids move in this pathway as CoA derivatives utilizing NAD and FAD. Fatty acids are activated before oxidation, utilizing ATP in the presence of CoA-SH and acyl-CoA synthetase.
What is acetyl CoA chain shortening by beta oxidation?
Acyl-CoA Chain-Shortening by β-Oxidation. Fatty acids are thus a rich source of energy. A single C 18 fatty acid is broken into 9 acetyl-CoA which by way of the TCA cycle and electron transport chain produces 90 ATP. The same number of carbons from glucose (three glucose molecules) would also produce 90 ATP.
What is the role of beta oxidation in the citric acid cycle?
The acetyl-CoA produced by β-oxidation is normally oxidized in the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, while the FADH 2 and NADH pass their electrons to the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Hence, fatty acid β-oxidation generates a large amount of ATP per mole of fatty acid and per mole of fatty acid carbon oxidized: