What is active and passive lateral earth pressure?
condition develops and the lateral pressure against the wall decreases with wall movement until the minimum active earth pressure force (Pa) is reached. passive condition develops and the lateral pressure against the wall increases with wall movement until the maximum passive earth pressure (Pp) is reached.
What is active pressure and passive pressure?
Active pressure is the condition in which the earth exerts a force on a retaining system and the members tend to move toward the excavation. Passive pressure is a condition in which the retaining system exerts a force on the soil.
What are the factors that influence lateral earth pressure?
The proper design of those structures required estimation of lateral earth pressure, which is a function of several factors, such as (a) type and amount of wall movement, (b) shear strength parameters of the soil, (c) unit weight of the soil, and (d) drainage conditions in the backfill.
What are the factors that affect the active or passive pressure applied on a wall?
In addition, the influences of the inclination of the wall, the soil cohesion, the angle of the internal friction of the soil, the slope inclination of the backfill soil on the critical pressure coefficient of the soil, the point of application of the resultant earth pressure and the shape of the slip surface are also …
What is KA and KP in soil mechanics?
The maximum stable value of K is called the passive earth pressure coefficient, Kp; the passive earth pressure would develop, for example against a vertical plow that is pushing soil horizontally.
Is active earth pressure greater than passive earth pressure?
Active pressure is less than resting pressure, while passive pressure always exceeds resting pressure. Practically, some centimeters movement is sufficient to completely realize passive pressure; as well as practically not any retaining wall undergone active pressure remains completely immobile.
What is active lateral earth pressure?
Lateral earth pressure is the pressure that soil exerts in the horizontal direction. Active Earth Pressure Active earth pressure occurs when the wall tilts away from the soil. (for example a typical free standing retaining wall) • In Active earth pressure the value of K is minimum.
How does lateral earth pressure affect walls?
The lateral earth pressure is important because it affects the consolidation behavior and strength of the soil and because it is considered in the design of geotechnical engineering structures such as retaining walls, basements, tunnels, deep foundations and braced excavations.
What is lateral earth pressure in soil mechanics and explain the different types?
Figure 15.5 shows the variation in lateral earth pressure on the y-axis as a function of the wall movement. When the wall moves away from the backfill, lateral pressure decreases with the increase in the movement of the wall; the minimum lateral earth pressure exerted on the wall is known as active earth pressure.
What is lateral earth pressure in soil mechanics?
Lateral earth pressure is the pressure that soil exerts in the horizontal direction.
What is Rankines theory of earth pressure?
1 Rankine’s Earth Pressure Theory The Rankine’s theory assumes that there is no wall friction , the ground and failure surfaces are straight planes, and that the resultant force acts parallel to the backfill slope. In case of retaining structures, the earth retained may be filled up earth or natural soil.
What is the passive lateral earth pressure?
Passive Earth Pressure is the pressure that is trying to keep the structure in place. The soil inducing the Passive pressure is under compression. The passive pressure is typically higher than the active pressure, with values in the 2 to 5 range.