How are aliphatic hydrocarbons degraded?
Abstract: Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons are rather persistent in anoxic conditions. These compounds are better degraded by aerobic microorganisms that use molecular oxygen for the initial activation. Addition of oxygen in a highly soluble form can help to remediate the soils polluted with such hydrocarbons.
What is biodegradation of hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are major constituents of crude oil and petroleum. They can be biodegraded by naturally-occurring microorganisms in freshwater and marine environments under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Oxygen, nitrate, or sulfates are sometimes added as electron acceptors to enhance biodegradation rates.
How are hydrocarbons degraded?
Hydrocarbons are degraded primarily by bacteria and fungi. Adaptation is brought about by selective enrichment of hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms and amplification of the pool of hydrocarbon-catabolizing genes. The latter phenomenon can now be monitored through the use of DNA probes.
What is aliphatic hydrocarbon?
Aliphatic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons based on chains of C atoms. There are three types of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Alkanes are aliphatic hydrocarbons with only single covalent bonds. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one C–C double bond, and alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain a C–C triple bond.
What are the 2 types of biodegradation?
Mechanisms. The process of biodegradation can be divided into three stages: biodeterioration, biofragmentation, and assimilation. Biodeterioration is sometimes described as a surface-level degradation that modifies the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of the material.
What is aliphatic compound in chemistry?
aliphatic compound, any chemical compound belonging to the organic class in which the atoms are connected by single, double, or triple bonds to form nonaromatic structures.
What are aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons?
Aliphatic compounds are those hydrocarbons that are the open chain compounds and also closed chains. Aromatic compounds are those who have only a closed chain structure. They are special classes of unsaturated hydrocarbon which is based on the six carbon moieties that is called benzene.
What are the 3 methods of biodegradation?
Which is first stage of biodegradation?
Biodegradation can therefore be schematically represented in three stages: Stage 1: plastic → monomers/oligomers (depolymerization). Stage 2: monomers/oligomers → biomass (uptake and metabolism). Stage 3: biomass + O2 → CO2 + H2O (mineralization).
What is degradation and biodegradation?
Biodegradation is the degradation of the materials into environmentally acceptable products such as water, carbon dioxide, and biomass by the action of naturally available microorganisms under normal environmental conditions.