What is a TLR7 agonist?
TLR 7 agonists are small molecules. They stimulate innate immune cells leading to the activation of humoral and cellular immunity, thus engendering a series of anti-tumor activities. The mechanism of action of TLR7 agonists is associated with the MYD88-dependent pathway and caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway.
What is the definition of innate immunity?
INNATE IMMUNITY. Innate, or nonspecific, immunity is the defense system with which you were born. It protects you against all antigens. Innate immunity involves barriers that keep harmful materials from entering your body. These barriers form the first line of defense in the immune response.
What is the ligand for TLR7?
These studies identify ssRNA as the natural ligand for mouse TLR7 and human TLR8, and the authors of both papers suggest that endosomal delivery of ssRNA could provide a novel adjuvant for vaccination and immunotherapy.
What is CpG TLR9?
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognizes specific unmethylated CpG motifs prevalent in microbial but not vertebrate genomic DNA leading to innate and acquired immune responses. Microbial DNA immunostimulatory effects can be mimicked by synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing these CpG motifs (CpG ODNs).
What is a TLR ligand?
Endogenous TLR ligands are a group of molecules derived from host tissues or cells, either components of cells or induced gene products in specific conditions. Only a few bind to and stimulate other TLRs, but a single endogenous molecule, for example HMGB1, has the potential to interact with several TLRs [21, 41, 42].
What’s another name for innate immunity?
Since it is not stimulated by specific antigens, innate immunity is generally nonspecific. It is in contrast to acquired immunity. Also called natural immunity.
What is the synonym of innate?
Some common synonyms of innate are congenital, hereditary, inborn, and inbred. While all these words mean “not acquired after birth,” innate applies to qualities or characteristics that are part of one’s inner essential nature.
What is CpG motif?
CpG-ODNs (CpG oligodeoxynucleotides) are short synthetic single-stranded DNA molecules containing CpG motifs. They stimulate cells bearing TLR9 to activate innate immune responses by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th1 the helper T-cells. Several CpG-ODNs are efficient inhibitors of tumour growth.
What does TLR 4 do?
TLR4 has been long recognized as the sensing receptor for gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, it also binds endogenous molecules produced as a result of tissue injury. Hence, TLR4 represents a key receptor on which both infectious and noninfectious stimuli converge to induce a proinflammatory response.