Who discovered Harappan civilization Upsc?
The civilization was first discovered during an excavation campaign under Sir John Hubert Marshall in 1921–22 at Harappa following the discovery of seals by J Fleet. Harappan ruins were discovered by Marshall, Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni and Madho Sarup Vats.
Is Harappa important for UPSC?
Till 1999, over 1,056 urban areas and settlements had been found. 96 sites have been excavated, mostly in the region of the Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra Rivers and their tributaries. Among the settlements were the most important urban centres of Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Ganeriwala, Dholavira, and Rakhigarhi.
What is Harappan civilization Upsc?
The history of India begins with the birth of the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), also known as Harappan Civilization. It flourished around 2,500 BC, in the western part of South Asia, in contemporary Pakistan and Western India. Mohenjodaro and Harappa were unearthed.
What is Harappan civilization short notes?
The Harappan civilization was located in the Indus River valley. Its two large cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, were located in present-day Pakistan’s Punjab and Sindh provinces, respectively. Its extent reached as far south as the Gulf of Khambhat and as far east as the Yamuna (Jumna) River.
Why is Kalibangan famous?
Kalibangan site was discovered by Luigi Pio Tessitori, an Italian Indologist in 1953. It is famous for pottery and black bangles. It was an industrial site the sign of ploughed field, fire altars and couple buried is founded.
Why IVC is called Bronze Age?
The Harappan culture is known as a Bronze Age civilization because it existed during the Bronze Age, which occurred between 3000 BCE and 1000 BCE.
Who excavated Mohenjo-daro?
This led to large-scale excavations of Mohenjo-daro led by K. N. Dikshit in 1924–25, and John Marshall in 1925–26. In the 1930s major excavations were conducted at the site under the leadership of Marshall, D. K. Dikshitar and Ernest Mackay.
What is civilization by BYJU’s?
A civilization, sometimes known as a civilisation, is a complex society marked by urbanisation, social stratification, a form of administration, and symbolic communication systems.
What was the main features of Harappan civilization?
The main towns of Indus valley civilization were Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Kalibangan, Lothal. 2. The significant features of Indus Valley civilization are personal cleanliness, town planning, construction of burnt-brick houses, ceramics, casting, forging of metals, manufacturing of cotton and woolen textiles.
What is the main features of Harappan civilization?
Answer
- The main towns of Indus valley civilization were Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Kalibangan, Lothal.
- The significant features of Indus Valley civilization are personal cleanliness, town planning.
- Construction of burnt-brick houses, ceramics, casting, forging of metals, manufacturing of cotton and woolen textiles.
What was the main unit of the Harappan society?
The citadel comprised granaries, religious buildings, public buildings, and assembly halls while the lower town was divided into rectangular sections cut by wide roads at right angles to each other. Harappan objects were made of stone, Shell, and metal.
Where is Lothal and Kalibangan?
The civilizations of the Indus Valley were among the earliest in the world to become settled or ‘urban’. There are four principal settlements known to archaeologists today; Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, in Pakistan, and Lothal and Kalibangan in western India.
What is the Harappan civilization?
The Harappan civilisation is sometimes called the Mature Harappan culture to distinguish it from these cultures. In 1924, John Marshall, Director-General of the ASI, announced the discovery of a new civilisation in the Indus valley to the world. The Harappan culture arose in the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent.
What is the post-urban phase of the Harappan culture called?
The post-urban phase of the Harappan culture is also known as the sub-Indus culture. This culture was earlier considered post-Harappan but now it is more popularly known as the late Harappan culture. The late Harappan cultures are primarily chalcolithic in which tools of stone and copper are used.
Is the Harappan script alphabetical?
The Harappan script is not alphabetical but mainly pictographic. It is the indigenous product of the Indus region, and does not show any connection with scripts of western Asia. The urban people of the Indus region also needed and used weights and measurement for trade and other transactions. Numerous articles used for weights have been found.
Were there canals in the Harappan civilization?
Most Harappan sites are located in semi-arid lands, where irrigation was probably required for agriculture. Traces of canals have been found at the Harappan site of Shortughai in Afghanistan, but not in Punjab or Sind. It is possible that ancient canals silted up long ago.