What is angina refractory?
Refractory angina pectoris (RAP) is defined as the occurrence of frequent angina attacks uncontrolled by optimal drug therapy, significantly limiting the patients’ daily activities, and with the presence of coronary artery disease rendering percutaneous coronary intervention or bypass surgery unsuitable (CABG) (1).
What causes refractory angina?
Cause. Chronic refractory angina pectoris is caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle (a narrowing of more than 75% in one or more of the major coronary arteries). It is often seen together with physical activity or emotion, which causes the heart to work harder and to require more oxygen.
What is the best treatment for angina?
Several medications can improve angina symptoms, including:
- Aspirin. Aspirin and other anti-platelet medications reduce the ability of your blood to clot, making it easier for blood to flow through narrowed heart arteries.
- Nitrates.
- Beta blockers.
- Statins.
- Calcium channel blockers.
- Ranolazine (Ranexa).
What is refractory unstable angina?
Refractory angina (RA) is conventionally defined as a chronic condition (≥3 months in duration) characterised by angina in the setting of coronary artery disease (CAD), which cannot be controlled by a combination of optimal medical therapy, angioplasty or bypass surgery, and where reversible myocardial ischaemia has …
What is refractory ischemic chest pain?
What is first-line treatment for angina?
Beta-blockers are an appropriate first-line medical treatment to relieve the symptoms of angina. Calcium channel blockers or long-acting nitrates may be appropriate for those who do not tolerate or who have contraindications to beta-blockers.
What exactly does Ranexa do?
RANEXA is a prescription medicine used to treat angina that keeps coming back (chronic angina). RANEXA may be used with other medicines that are used for heart problems and blood pressure control.
What is refractory period of heart?
After an action potential initiates, the cardiac cell is unable to initiate another action potential for some duration of time (which is slightly shorter than the “true” action potential duration). This period of time is referred to as the refractory period, which is 250ms in duration and helps to protect the heart.
How do you overcome diuretic resistance?
Strategies to overcome diuretic resistance include restriction of sodium intake, changes in dose, changes in timing, and combination diuretic therapy.
What is the best beta blocker for angina?
Water soluble beta-blockers are less likely to cause sleep disturbances
| Indication | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Angina | All beta-blockers are considered to be equally effective although bisprolol or metoprolol may be preferred. Celiprolol and pindolol tend not to be used |
| Arrhythmias | Metoprolol or bisoprolol |