What is a extra-axial mass?
Extra-axial tumors are lesions, neoplastic and not, which are external to the brain parenchyma and can originate in the skull, meninges, cranial nerves, and brain appendages such as the pituitary gland.
What is intra-axial and extra-axial?
Intra-axial is a term that denotes lesions that are within the brain parenchyma, in contrast to extra-axial, which describes lesions outside the brain, and intraventricular, which denotes lesions within the ventricular system.
What is an extra-axial bleed?
Extra-axial bleed. Extra-axial hemorrhage, bleeding that occurs within the skull but outside of the brain tissue, falls into three subtypes: Epidural hemorrhage (extradural hemorrhage) which occur between the dura mater (the outermost meninx) and the skull, is caused by trauma.
What happens if too much CSF is drained?
It is possible that the puncture of the ventricle or the opening of the dura will result in an intracranial hemorrhage. It is possible that if too much CSF is removed from the ventricles, either during a drainage procedure or when the ventricle is first punctured, the ventricle may collapse and occlude the catheter.
What does extra-axial mean?
Extra-axial is a descriptive term to denote lesions that are external to the brain parenchyma, in contrast to intra-axial which describes lesions within the brain substance.
Is the subarachnoid space extra-axial?
Extra-axial fluid is characterized by excessive cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space, particularly over the frontal lobes.
What are extra-axial spaces in the brain?
The brain is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the sulci, fissures and basal cisterns. CSF is also found centrally within the ventricles. The sulci, fissures, basal cisterns and ventricles together form the ‘CSF spaces’, also known as the ‘extra-axial spaces’.
What does midline shift of the brain mean?
Midline shift refers to a shift (displacement) of brain tissue across the centre line of the brain. It may occur following traumatic brain injury in association with raised intracranial pressure or an intracranial haematoma which can push the brain towards one side causing midline shift.
Is intracranial same as intracerebral?
It is important to understand the difference between the terms intracranial hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage. The former refers to all bleeding occurring within the skull, while the latter indicates bleeding within the brain parenchyma. All intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) share some classic clinical features.