What does influenza hemagglutinin bind to?
The process is like this: Hemagglutinin (HA) binds to the monosaccharide sialic acid which is present on the surface of its target host cells. The cell membrane then engulfs the virus through endocytosis and forms endosome.
Is influenza A lipid coated virus?
The influenza virion (as the infectious particle is called) is roughly spherical. It is an enveloped virus – that is, the outer layer is a lipid membrane which is taken from the host cell in which the virus multiplies.
What are the surface proteins of the influenza virus?
Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are the two viral surface proteins, which play important roles in the life cycle of influenza virus. Current influenza vaccines and anti-influenza drugs work mainly by interfering with the functions of the two proteins.
Is hemagglutinin a spike for influenza virus?
Hemagglutinin is one of the reasons that influenza virus is so effective. It is a spike-shaped protein that extends from the surface of the virus.
What is the primary role of the glycoprotein hemagglutinin?
The hemagglutinin(HA) of influenza virus is a major glycoprotein and plays a crucial role in the early stage of virus infection: HA is responsible for binding of the virus to cell surface receptors, and it mediates liberation of the viral genome into the cytoplasm through membrane fusion.
Is hemagglutinin a lectin?
HA is the lectin that mediates the viral entry in the host cell.
What does hemagglutinin and neuraminidase do?
Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase allows the virus to stick to a potential host cell, and cut itself loose if necessary. Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase can be found in a variety of paramyxoviruses including mumps virus, human parainfluenza virus 3, and the avian pathogen Newcastle disease virus.
What does hemagglutinin mean?
hemagglutinin, any of a group of naturally occurring glycoproteins that cause red blood cells (erythrocytes) to agglutinate, or clump together. These substances are found in plants, invertebrates, and certain microorganisms.
Why is hemagglutinin not a good target for influenza treatment?
Current flu vaccines induce antibodies that recognize the hemagglutinin head and inhibit its ability to mediate viral entry, but the hemagglutinin head mutates rapidly, resulting in vaccine-resistant influenza strains.
What do hemagglutinin spikes do?
Hemagglutinin is responsible for host cell binding and subsequent fusion of viral and host membranes in the endosome after the virus has been taken up by endocytosis. In the first step of infection it binds to sialic acid residues of glycosylated receptor proteins on target cell surfaces.