What does FV FM mean?

What does FV FM mean?

Fv/Fm
Fv/Fm is a normalized ratio created by dividing variable fluorescence by maximum fluorescence. It is a measurement ratio that represents the maximum potential quantum efficiency of Photosystem II if all capable reaction centers were open.

What is FV FM in plants?

Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm, which is the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence after dark-adaptation, represents maximum quantum yield of PSII. The parameter has begun to be used for detecting stress in plants.

What does FV FM indicate for photosynthetic organisms?

Fv/Fm is a sensitive indicator of plant photosynthetic performance, but lower values may also indicate stress and/or photoinhibition [7], or indicate downregulation of photosynthesis.

What does OJIP mean?

Photosynthesis Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-020-00794-z. ORIGINAL ARTICLE. Natural variation in the fast phase of chlorophyll a fluorescence. induction curve (OJIP) in a global rice minicore panel.

How does Pam Fluorometry work?

The PAM fluorometry principle is based on a 1 μs pulse of light (low intensity, non-actinic) that is synchronized to a lock-in amplifier. This allows effective quantum yield determinations to be performed in (sun) light, as the lock-in amplifier removes all signal not associated with the lock-in signal.

What is meant by quantum yield?

Quantum yield (Φ) is defined as the ratio of the number of photons emitted to the number of photons absorbed. Notably, quantum yield is independent of instrument settings and describes how efficiently a fluorophore converts the excitation light into fluorescence.

What is FV fo?

The parameter Fv/Fo is considered as an indicator of the number and the size of active photosynthetic reaction centers (Dan et al., 2000).

What is FV fluorescence?

In a “Kautsky curve” (figure 2), emissions rise to a point, Fo, which represents fluorescence where all reaction centers are open and qP is maximal. Then, there is a sharp rise to a point of maximum fluorescence (Fm). The rise from Fo to Fm is called “variable fluorescence,” or Fv.

What is a PAM fluorometer?

Pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry measures the photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II (PS II) within the endosymbiotic Symbiodinium spp. that may be used as a quantitative measure of photoinactivation during coral bleaching (Warner et al. 1999).

What are the advantages of PAM?

Advantages of pulse amplitude modulation : Generation and detection is easy. This modulation is the base for all digital modulation techniques. It is a simple process for both modulation and demodulation techniques. PAM can generate other pulse modulation signals and can carry the message or information at the same …

What is a good quantum yield?

Substances with the largest quantum yields, such as rhodamines, display the brightest emissions; however, compounds with quantum yields of 0.10 are still considered quite fluorescent. =0.60) shows no temperature dependence up to 45°C, therefore it can be considered as a reliable standard solution.

What does a high quantum yield mean?

Quantum yield is defined as the efficiency of converting absorbed light into emitted light, which can be in the form of fluorescence. Fluorophores with high QY often emit strong fluorescence, even at low concentration.

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